The study shows that belonging is a key success factor for migrant entrepreneurs. It builds trust, facilitates access to networks and strengthens resilience, especially in challenging neighbourhoods.

Two case studies from the Ruhr region illustrate how migrant entrepreneurs overcome discrimination, strengthen communities and have a lasting impact on local ecosystems.

The results underscore the importance of incorporating emotional and social dimensions more strongly into the design of inclusive support systems.

? Read open access: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/imig.70110